Lahore's historic treasures undergo major restoration drive

(Web Desk) - Lahore, considered the cultural hub of Pakistan, is home to a heritage that dates back centuries, linking a rich past with the present.

Historic structures such as the Lahore Fort, Wazir Khan Mosque, and the Shahi Hammam stand as enduring symbols of the opulence associated with the Mughal Empire, which left behind an enchanting legacy of intricate art and architecture. From delicate frescoes adorning majestic structures to finely carved lattice screens (jaalis) and elegant overhanging balconies (jharokas), these aesthetic elements evoke vivid images of romance, spirituality, and imperial grandeur.

Years of neglect led to the gradual decay of these magnificent landmarks. The Aga Khan Cultural Service – Pakistan (AKCS-P), in partnership with the Walled City of Lahore Authority (WCLA), has been working to restore these sites using traditional techniques and international best practices.

Reviving sites constructed from diverse materials and featuring a wide range of architectural and artistic techniques has been a monumental task. This effort has been led by a multidisciplinary team of experts, including fine artists, architects, and craftspeople. Traditional methods such as fresco, filigree, and stucco work have not only been revived but are also being preserved in the process.

Key stakeholders involved in safeguarding Lahore's historic sites recently convened to review progress and discuss strategies for revitalising the city’s heritage. Participants included AKCS-P Chairman Mr. Akbar Ali Pesnani, CEO Mr. Tausif Khawaja, board members, and WCLA Director General Mr. Najmus Saqib.

Discussions focused on the progress, opportunities, and challenges associated with joint conservation efforts at key heritage sites, including the Lahore Fort, Wazir Khan Mosque, and Akbari Mandi. Participants also shared insights on strengthening conservation practices while promoting sustainable development and community engagement within the Walled City.

A major focus of the discussion was the conservation of the Wazir Khan Mosque. Restoration work has included structural consolidation of domes, walls, and foundations, as well as the repair of floors, lime plaster, rooftops, and parapets.

Conservation efforts have also extended beyond the mosque to the surrounding neighbourhood. The once deteriorating area has been rehabilitated, historic houses along the southern side of Chowk Wazir Khan have been restored, and smaller monuments and façades within the square have been preserved.

Planned interventions include the conservation of the north-west and south-west minarets, restoration of frescoes in the prayer chamber, and redevelopment of the southern neighbourhood, including façade improvements to selected properties such as the WCLA office. These efforts aim to transform the mosque and Chowk Wazir Khan into a vibrant tourist destination and community space.

Projects funded by the Agence Française de Développement (AFD) at the Lahore Fort have supported the restoration of some of the site’s most treasured structures, including the Sheesh Mahal and the Picture Wall. Work at the Sheesh Mahal is ongoing, with site assessments and emergency stabilisation already completed. Following laboratory testing, suitable conservation materials were identified, and skilled labour has been trained in traditional stucco techniques, which are now being applied to restore the palace of mirrors to its former glory.

Replicating the original mirror pieces used in the Sheesh Mahal was a complex undertaking. It required the reopening of a closed industrial unit in a remote area of Sindh. A factory in Shikarpur was revived to produce custom-made convex mirrors. Over time, the once-glimmering palace developed structural voids and cracks in its walls and ceilings. To address these issues, grouting is being applied—a process in which a fluid material is injected to fill gaps, strengthen the structure, and prevent water infiltration.

At the Picture Wall, regarded as one of the world’s largest murals, conservation work is nearing completion. Efforts have included tracing and reconstructing panel impressions, brick imitation, and the careful restoration and repainting of frescoes to match the original designs.

The meeting concluded with a commitment by WCLA and AKCS-P to further strengthen their partnership and expand collaboration to additional projects and cities. Participants also discussed the potential for joint initiatives involving WCLA, the Department of Archaeology, and AKCS-P to enhance heritage conservation efforts across Pakistan.